Diabetes, commonly known as “sugar disease,” is a chronic condition that develops when the body cannot produce enough insulin or cannot use the insulin it produces effectively. This condition causes blood sugar levels to remain constantly high. Over time, high blood sugar affects not only organs but also many structures from blood vessels to nerves. The blood vessels of the eye are among the most affected structures.
Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that the effects of diabetes on eye health are often underestimated, even though it is one of the leading causes of vision loss. He stresses that every patient diagnosed with diabetes must undergo regular eye examinations.
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most important long-term complications of diabetes. High blood sugar damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. These vessels begin to leak fluid, and new but unhealthy blood vessels may form, leading to serious visual impairment. If left untreated, it can progress to blindness.
Op. Dr. Diclehan notes that diabetic retinopathy may not cause symptoms in its early stages, which makes regular eye examinations critical. When detected early, laser therapy, injections and medication can help prevent vision loss.
The macula is the part of the eye responsible for sharp central vision. As diabetes progresses, fluid may accumulate in this area, leading to blurred vision. Diabetic macular edema affects the ability to read, write and see fine details, significantly impacting daily life.
Although cataracts are usually age-related, they may occur at much younger ages in people with diabetes. As the lens becomes cloudy, visual quality decreases. Op. Dr. Diclehan states that cataract surgery in diabetic patients requires special planning due to the unique sensitivity of the eye.
Diabetes also increases the risk of glaucoma. As eye pressure rises, the optic nerve becomes damaged, leading to permanent vision loss. Like retinopathy, glaucoma may progress silently without early symptoms.
Diabetic-related eye problems usually develop slowly, but the following symptoms should not be ignored:
If any of these symptoms occur, an ophthalmologist should be consulted without delay. Op. Dr. Diclehan recommends that diabetic patients undergo a comprehensive eye examination at least once a year.
The main diagnostic methods used to evaluate diabetes-related eye damage include
These methods allow even the smallest retinal changes to be detected at an early stage. Op. Dr. Diclehan notes that modern imaging technologies play a key role in early diagnosis.
Laser Therapy
Laser treatment may be used in the early stages to stop the progression of diabetic retinopathy by sealing leaking blood vessels.
Intravitreal Injections
In advanced retinopathy or macular edema, special medications are injected into the eye. This treatment slows vision loss and often results in significant improvement.
Surgical Treatments
In severe cases such as retinal detachment, a procedure called vitrectomy may be required. Cataract or glaucoma surgery may also be necessary.
Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that surgery in diabetic patients requires special expertise and that treatment plans must always be individualized.
Blood Sugar Control
Keeping blood sugar levels stable is the most important step. The better the control, the lower the risk of complications.
Regular Eye Examinations
Every diabetic patient should have a detailed eye examination at least once a year — even if there are no symptoms.
Healthy Lifestyle Habits
Smoking should be stopped, regular exercise should be done and a balanced diet should be followed. Omega-3 rich nutrition helps protect the eye vessels.
Op. Dr. Diclehan reminds patients that no treatment will be permanent unless lifestyle changes are maintained.
Can diabetes cause permanent blindness?
Yes. If left untreated, it can lead to permanent vision loss. However, blindness can largely be prevented with early diagnosis and regular treatment.
Does everyone with diabetes develop eye disease?
No, but the risk is high. Good blood sugar control significantly reduces the risk.
Is laser eye surgery suitable for diabetic patients?
Laser eye surgery can be performed in some diabetic patients, but only after thorough evaluation.
Op. Dr. Diclehan states that each case must be assessed individually.
Diabetes-related eye complications affect not only vision but also psychological and social well-being. Reduced vision interferes with work life, education and social relationships. Therefore, psychological support is as important as medical treatment. Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that maintaining patient motivation throughout treatment is as crucial as medication.
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