Epiretinal membrane is a thin and transparent layer that develops on the innermost surface of the retina. The retina is the most important layer responsible for vision, as it detects light and transmits visual signals to the brain. Under normal conditions, the retina has a smooth surface. However, in some cases, a thin membrane forms on the retina and gradually contracts, pulling on the retina. This negatively affects visual quality.
Epiretinal membrane does not always cause noticeable vision loss. Some patients experience mild wavy or blurred vision, while others may develop more serious impairment. When it occurs in the macula, the area responsible for central vision, patients may experience visual problems that significantly affect daily life.
Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that epiretinal membrane is more commonly seen in older individuals and is an important cause of reduced visual quality.
Age-Related Changes
The most important cause is the natural aging process. As we age, the vitreous gel inside the eye begins to liquefy and detach from the retina. During this process, cells may proliferate on the retina, forming a thin membrane.
Retinal tears, retinal detachment, vascular occlusions, or macular edema may trigger the development of an epiretinal membrane.
Cell proliferation on the retinal surface may also begin after eye surgeries such as cataract or retinal surgery.
Other Risk Factors
According to Op. Dr. Diclehan, epiretinal membrane most often develops due to aging, but it is seen more frequently in diabetic patients and those who have undergone retinal surgery.
Blurred Vision
Most patients present with blurred vision. Clarity decreases, especially while reading or watching television.
Distorted (Wavy) Vision
Straight lines may appear bent or broken. Patients often report that lines on a page appear crooked.
Reduced Visual Acuity
As the membrane progresses, visual sharpness significantly decreases and daily life may be affected.
Double Vision and Image Distortion
Some patients feel as if they are seeing the same object in two different positions. Image shifting or overlapping is also common.
Op. Dr. Diclehan highlights that distorted vision is the most typical symptom of epiretinal membrane, and anyone experiencing this symptom should undergo an eye examination.
Fundus Examination
When the retina is examined with an ophthalmoscope, a thin membrane and wrinkling of the macular area may be seen.
OCT is the most reliable method for diagnosis. It provides cross-sectional images of the retinal layers, clearly showing the thickness of the membrane and the traction on the retina.
The level of visual loss is measured and the treatment plan is determined accordingly.
Op. Dr. Diclehan states that OCT is indispensable in modern eye care for diagnosing epiretinal membrane and that early diagnosis makes treatment easier.
Observation and Follow-Up
Epiretinal membrane does not always require treatment. In mild cases, patients are only monitored. If vision loss is not significant, surgery is not necessary.
In advanced cases that significantly impair vision, vitrectomy surgery is performed. During this procedure, the vitreous gel is removed and the membrane on the retina is carefully peeled away. As the retina returns to its normal shape, vision gradually improves.
Vitrectomy has a high success rate; however, complete return to normal vision is not always possible. Still, most patients experience a clear improvement in visual acuity.
Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that vitrectomy yields highly successful results in experienced hands and that proper patient selection greatly improves visual outcomes.
Although symptoms may be mild at first, vision loss can become significant over time. Since the macula is affected, central vision is impaired. This makes everyday activities such as reading, writing, and driving more difficult. Vision loss progresses slowly but may become permanent if left untreated.
Op. Dr. Diclehan stresses that epiretinal membrane should not be underestimated in terms of vision loss and that early diagnosis increases treatment success.
Patients often experience difficulty seeing straight lines clearly, recognizing faces, and reading due to shifting or distorted text. These visual disturbances can also negatively affect psychological well-being.
Op. Dr. Diclehan notes that in addition to surgery, supportive approaches to improve quality of life are important in treatment.
Early diagnosis slows disease progression and simplifies treatment. Regular eye examinations help detect the membrane before severe visual loss occurs.
According to Op. Dr. Diclehan, individuals over 50 should have regular eye check-ups for early detection of age-related retinal diseases such as epiretinal membrane.
Epiretinal membrane may occur alone or in association with other retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal tears, retinal detachment, or macular edema. Therefore, a detailed retinal assessment is required.
Op. Dr. Diclehan states that epiretinal membrane frequently coexists with other retinal disorders, making comprehensive evaluation essential.
It is not always possible to prevent epiretinal membrane, as aging is the main factor. However, controlling diabetes, hypertension, and vascular diseases reduces the risk. Regular eye examinations are crucial for early diagnosis of retinal diseases.
Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that a healthy lifestyle, regular medical follow-up, and management of systemic diseases are the most effective preventive strategies.
Epiretinal membrane is a condition that affects visual quality and is particularly common among older adults. The process begins with the formation of a thin membrane on the retina and may eventually lead to vision loss. Patients should not ignore the symptoms especially distorted vision and should consult an ophthalmologist without delay. While mild cases can be monitored, vitrectomy surgery may significantly improve vision in advanced cases. Op. Dr. Diclehan stresses that early diagnosis is vital for successful treatment and reminds patients not to neglect regular eye examinations.
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