Getting a foreign body in the eye is a common and uncomfortable situation that many people suddenly experience in daily life. Metal particles, dust, sand, wood splinters, makeup residue, chemical substances, or problems related to contact lenses may damage the eye surface. Since the eye is highly sensitive, it reacts immediately when a foreign object touches it. Symptoms such as stinging, burning, tearing, redness, and light sensitivity commonly occur. Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that every foreign body in the eye should be taken seriously, as some materials may damage the cornea and cause permanent vision loss.

Although the eye has a natural self-cleaning mechanism, in some cases the foreign body may not leave the eye or may cause severe irritation. Therefore, correct intervention is extremely important. Below you will find detailed information about the causes, symptoms, treatment, and appropriate actions when a foreign body enters the eye.

The Most Common Causes of Foreign Bodies in the Eye

Dust and Small Particles

Dust, pollen, and tiny particles carried by the wind can easily adhere to the eye surface, especially in people working outdoors.

Metal Particles

Metal fragments are common among welders, construction workers, and metal industry employees. This may require urgent treatment. According to Op. Dr. Diclehan, metal particles should never be ignored, as they may cause deep scratches or perforation of the cornea.

Wood Splinters

Woodworking may produce tiny splinters that scratch the cornea.

Makeup Products

Mascara, eyeshadow, eyeliner residue, or cosmetic buildup around the lashes may irritate the eye.

Sand

Sand particles may easily enter the eye, especially at the beach.

Chemical Substances

Cleaning agents, sprays, and disinfectants may cause both chemical injury and a foreign-body sensation. This is highly dangerous and requires emergency medical care.

Contact Lens Use

Folded lenses, trapped particles, or lens movement may cause a foreign-body sensation.

Symptoms of a Foreign Body in the Eye

Symptoms begin immediately and vary by the size and location of the object.

• Stinging and burning
• Excessive tearing
• Redness
• Light sensitivity
• Blurred vision — especially if the cornea is scratched

In severe irritation, people may notice floaters or night glare. According to Op. Dr. Diclehan, sudden blurred vision should never be ignored.

First Aid When a Foreign Body Enters the Eye

Op. Dr. Diclehan states that panic should be avoided, but the correct steps must be followed:

• Do NOT rub the eye. This may push the object deeper or worsen scratches.
• Rinse the eye with clean, lukewarm water.
• Gently lift the eyelids to check the eye surface.
• Remove contact lenses if present.
• Rest the eye in a low-light environment.
• If chemicals entered the eye, rinse continuously for at least 15 minutes and go to a hospital immediately.

Things You Should NOT Do

• Do not use sharp tools (cotton swabs, tweezers, tissues).
• Do not wear contact lenses until examined.
• Do not use eye ointments without medical advice.
• Do not attempt to remove deeply embedded objects yourself.

When Medical Removal Is Necessary

Some foreign bodies wash out easily — others require professional treatment:

• Metal particles and splinters must be removed by a doctor
• Objects embedded in the cornea
• Chemical exposure
• Large or sharp particles

Metal fragments may rust and damage the cornea. According to Op. Dr. Diclehan, these should be treated urgently.

How Doctors Examine the Eye

• Dilated pupil examination
• Biomicroscope (slit-lamp) inspection
• Special dye tests to detect scratches
• Removal under sterile conditions
• Antibiotic drops to prevent infection
• Artificial tears to soothe irritation
• Bandage lenses or protective patches when necessary

Preventing Foreign Bodies in the Eye

• Wear protective goggles during risky work
• Maintain contact-lens hygiene
• Keep makeup tools clean
• Wear glasses outdoors on windy days
• Have regular eye check-ups, especially if exposed to risk

Possible Complications If Not Treated

If untreated, foreign bodies may cause:

• Infection
• Corneal scratches
• Ulcers
• Permanent vision loss

Therefore, early intervention is essential.

A foreign body in the eye can cause anything from mild irritation to serious eye damage. If symptoms persist after rinsing the eye, medical attention is necessary. According to Op. Dr. Diclehan, the eye should never be rubbed, it should be rinsed with clean water, and if complaints continue, an eye specialist must be consulted. Early diagnosis and treatment help protect vision and prevent permanent damage.