Eye health is one of the most important factors affecting individuals’ daily lives. Vision disorders directly influence not only work and education but also social life. Refractive errors such as myopia, hypermetropia, and astigmatism lead to dependence on glasses or contact lenses. Today, one of the methods that can offer a permanent solution to these problems is laser eye surgery. So how is laser eye surgery performed? What are its stages, who can undergo it, and what are the results?

Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that laser surgery permanently corrects vision defects but varies depending on each patient’s eye structure. Therefore, understanding the process step by step is extremely important for patients.

Purpose of Laser Eye Surgery

Laser eye surgery reshapes the cornea to ensure that light focuses correctly on the retina. Thus, vision defects such as myopia, hypermetropia, and astigmatism are corrected. The goal is not only to eliminate the need for glasses but also to improve the patient’s overall quality of life.

Preoperative Preparation Process

Eye Examination

A detailed eye examination is performed before surgery. During this examination, corneal thickness, tear quality, retinal health, the stability of eye prescription, and possible eye diseases are evaluated.

Selection of Suitable Patients

Laser eye surgery is not suitable for everyone. Individuals with thin corneas, high intraocular pressure, or diseases such as keratoconus face higher risks. Op. Dr. Diclehan states that proper patient selection directly affects the success of the operation.

Determining Expectations

Every patient expects their vision to be completely perfect after surgery. However, in some cases, minor refractive errors may remain. The patient should be informed and have realistic expectations.

Pre-Surgery Precautions

• Contact lens users should stop using lenses a few days before surgery.
• No eye makeup should be worn on the day of the operation.
• Eye hygiene should be carefully maintained

Stages of Laser Eye Surgery

Local Anesthesia

Before the operation, local anesthesia in the form of eye drops is applied so that the patient feels no pain during the procedure.

Preparation of the Cornea

The cornea is prepared differently depending on the surgery type. In LASIK, a thin flap is lifted; in PRK, the corneal surface is thinned; in SMILE, a small incision is made.

Laser Application

Using a laser device, the cornea is reshaped. This process takes only a few minutes and is performed with great precision.

Completion of the Procedure

In the LASIK method, the flap is replaced. In PRK and LASEK, a few days are required for the corneal surface to heal. In the SMILE technique, the small incision closes naturally.

Surgical Techniques

LASIK

One of the most common methods. It provides quick recovery, and patients can see clearly within a few days.

PRK

Used for patients with thin corneas. The recovery process is longer than LASIK.

LASEK

An improved version of PRK, offering a less painful experience.

SMILE

A modern technique that has become popular in recent years. It involves a minimal incision and carries a lower risk of complications.

Wavefront Technology

Customized laser treatments. The optical defects of the eye are measured in detail, and a personalized treatment plan is created accordingly.

Postoperative Process

Initial Effects

After surgery, patients may experience burning, stinging, tearing, and light sensitivity. These symptoms usually decrease within 24 hours.

Healing Process

• Healing is rapid in LASIK and SMILE methods.
• Recovery may take longer in PRK and LASEK.
• Vision clarity improves noticeably within a few days.

Follow-up Examinations

Postoperative check-ups should be carried out regularly on the first day, first week, first month, and sixth month.

Returning to Daily Life

Most patients can return to work or school within a few days. However, protecting the eyes and following the doctor’s recommendations are essential.

Advantages

• Permanent vision correction
• Elimination of dependence on glasses and lenses
• Fast recovery period
• High success rate
• Increased psychological and social confidence

Risks and Side Effects

Short-Term Risks

• Dry eyes
• Light glare
• Night vision difficulties

Long-Term Complications

• Keratectasia (corneal weakening)
• Rare need for repeat surgery
• Development of presbyopia with age

Op. Dr. Diclehan states that proper preoperative evaluations and correct patient selection can minimize these risks.

Psychological and Social Effects

Laser eye surgery not only enhances visual quality but also boosts self-confidence. Being independent from glasses in areas such as sports, travel, and professional life makes patients’ lives easier. Many describe their first day without glasses as a turning point in their lives.

Economic Aspect

At first glance, laser surgery may seem costly, but in the long run, it eliminates the expenses of glasses and contact lenses, making it financially advantageous.

Long-Term Outcomes

The majority of patients who undergo laser eye surgery enjoy years of glasses-free vision. However, age-related conditions such as presbyopia or cataracts may develop, which are independent of the laser. Regular check-ups help manage these conditions effectively.

Who Is Not Suitable for Laser Eye Surgery?

• Pregnant or breastfeeding women
• Patients with keratoconus
• Individuals with insufficient corneal thickness
• Those with diabetes or immune system disorders

Laser eye surgery is one of the most reliable modern medical methods for permanently correcting refractive errors. However, it is not a “definitive solution for everyone.” Success depends on proper patient selection, the right technique, and being performed by an experienced surgeon.

Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that laser eye surgery is not only a medical procedure but also an investment that enhances a person’s quality of life.