Ocular migraine is a neurological condition that often frightens patients but can be controlled when managed correctly. It may present with flashing lights, zigzag lines, blurriness, temporary vision loss, and visual aura symptoms that occur even without headache. While some people experience headache along with these symptoms, others only have temporary visual disturbances. Since eye diseases and neurological processes must be evaluated together, Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that ocular migraine should not be ignored and that accurate diagnosis is extremely important.
In this article, you will find comprehensive information about the causes, symptoms, treatment methods, and preventive strategies related to ocular migraine.
The Basic Mechanism of Ocular Migraine
At the root of ocular migraine lie temporary changes in blood flow in the visual center located in the back of the brain. These changes cause disturbances in visual perception even though there is no problem in the eye itself. Op. Dr. Diclehan states that patients often confuse ocular migraine with eye diseases, which is why professional examination should never be neglected.
During migraine attacks, dilation and constriction occur in the brain vessels. This affects communication between nerve cells and may lead to temporary visual disturbances.
Temporary irregularities in the brain’s electrical activity also play a role in the formation of ocular migraine. This process, known as aura, may last a few minutes in some patients and up to an hour in others.
Migraine is often associated with genetic predisposition. If there is a family history of migraine, the likelihood of developing ocular migraine increases. Op. Dr. Diclehan states that investigating family history plays a major role in diagnosis.
Visual Aura Symptoms
The most important symptom of ocular migraine is visual aura. This occurs without physical damage to the eye and may appear in different forms.
Flashing Lights
Patients often describe sudden flashes of light in front of their eyes. This may be confused with retinal tear, therefore expert evaluation is essential.
Zigzag Lines
Some patients see bright zigzag lines in the center of their vision. Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that although this finding is very typical in ocular migraine, it must be distinguished from retinal disorders.
Temporary Vision Loss
In some people, part of the visual field may disappear for a few minutes. This usually begins in one eye and may expand.
Blurry Vision
During aura, vision may become blurred. This usually resolves on its own within minutes.
Ocular migraine does not always occur with headache. However, in some patients, a throbbing migraine headache develops after the aura.
Throbbing Pain
This pain is usually one-sided and severe. Nausea, vomiting, and light sensitivity may accompany it.
Sensitivity to Light and Sound
During an attack, sensitivity to light and sound increases. Patients may feel a need to rest in a dark and quiet environment.
Rare Symptoms
Vertigo, imbalance, and a feeling of pressure in the eyes may rarely accompany ocular migraine.
Ocular migraine may be confused with many diseases. Therefore, both an eye examination and neurological evaluation are necessary.
Retinal Detachment
Flashing lights can also be a sign of retinal tear, which requires urgent treatment. Op. Dr. Diclehan stresses that only a specialist can distinguish between the two.
Acute Glaucoma Attack
Sudden blurred vision and headache may also occur during a glaucoma crisis.
Cerebrovascular Diseases
Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) may present with similar symptoms and require urgent evaluation.
Optic Nerve Inflammation
Inflammation of the optic nerve can also lead to temporary vision loss.
Stress
Stress is one of the most common triggers. Long-term tension can cause sudden changes in brain vessels.
Sleep Irregularity
Poor sleep, insomnia, sleep apnea, and fatigue increase migraine attacks.
Hormonal Changes
Hormonal fluctuations before menstruation may trigger ocular migraine in women.
Diet
Certain foods may trigger attacks, such as:
Op. Dr. Diclehan recommends keeping a food diary to identify triggers.
Excessive Screen Use
Long-term exposure to screens may cause visual fatigue and increase migraine frequency.
Bright Lights
Sunlight, headlights, and flashing lights may trigger attacks.
Dehydration
Insufficient water intake may cause vessel constriction and trigger migraine.
Eye Examination
Vision tests, retina examination, and optic nerve evaluation are performed. Op. Dr. Diclehan particularly emphasizes retinal examination.
Neurological Examination
The neurological aspects of migraine are assessed.
MRI and Imaging Methods
If vascular causes are suspected, MRI may be requested.
Detailed Patient History
Aura duration, pain severity, triggers, and family history are evaluated.
During an Attack
Moving to a Dark Room
Helps reduce light sensitivity and allows the eyes to rest.
Cold Compress
May shorten aura duration and reduce pain.
Deep Breathing and Relaxation Techniques
Reduce stress and attack severity.
Short-Term Painkillers
Mild pain relievers may be used when necessary, but not regularly.
Preventive Treatments
Migraine Medications
Some patients may require regular migraine therapy tailored to their condition.
Psychological Support
Stress-management or meditation techniques may be useful.
Eye-Rest Programs
For screen users, Op. Dr. Diclehan recommends looking at a distant point for 20 seconds every 20 minutes.
Dietary Adjustments
Reducing trigger foods is a key part of treatment.
Regular Sleep
Is an important supportive element.
Alternative Therapies
These may help in some patients.
Although symptoms are temporary, ocular migraine may sometimes be a sign of a serious condition. Therefore, first-time patients must consult an ophthalmologist. Op. Dr. Diclehan particularly emphasizes that a migraine diagnosis should not be made without detailed evaluation.
It is more common in:
Ocular migraine is a condition that can be controlled with proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments. To ensure it is not confused with eye diseases, professional evaluation is essential. A detailed eye examination must be performed to determine whether there is an underlying eye pathology. At this stage, Op. Dr. Diclehan provides comprehensive evaluation, accurate diagnosis, and personalized treatment plans to ensure safe management of the condition.
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