The eye is one of the most important organs that enables humans to perceive the world. Vision occurs flawlessly thanks to the complex structures within the eye. One of these structures is the vitreous — a transparent gel-like substance that fills most of the eye. The vitreous is in contact with the retina, which is the most critical layer for vision and is located at the back of the eye. Throughout life, the vitreous remains attached to the retina and helps maintain visual harmony. However, as we age, the vitreous gradually becomes more fluid, loses its density and begins to separate from the retina. This condition is called posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).
Posterior vitreous detachment is a common eye condition, usually associated with the natural aging process. In many cases, it is harmless; however, in some patients it may predispose to serious complications such as retinal tears or retinal detachment. Therefore, PVD should not be considered only as a natural sign of aging it must be regarded as an eye condition that requires careful monitoring.
Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that although posterior vitreous detachment is frequently seen, the level of risk varies in each patient. The most critical point is whether the vitreous traction damages the retina. If the vitreous pulls on the retina and causes a tear, serious visual damage may occur.
Age-Related Changes
The most important cause of PVD is aging. The vitreous, which is firm and gel-like in childhood, gradually becomes more liquid and the fibers loosen over time, leading to separation from the retina especially after the age of 50.
In myopic eyes, the elongated eye shape increases traction on the retina. High myopia may cause PVD to occur at much younger ages.
Blunt trauma to the eye may trigger early vitreous detachment.
Procedures such as cataract or retinal surgery may accelerate vitreous liquefaction and separation.
Conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and high cholesterol weaken the eye tissues and increase the risk of PVD.
Op. Dr. Diclehan notes that myopia, trauma and systemic diseases play major roles in the development of PVD
Floaters
Patients most commonly report floaters (black dots, threads or cobweb-like shapes) moving in their field of vision.
Traction on the retina may cause flashes of light, especially in dark environments — which may be a sign of retinal tear.
Some patients experience shadows or distortions.
PVD alone does not usually cause vision loss, but if it progresses to a retinal tear or retinal detachment, sudden and severe vision loss may occur.
Op. Dr. Diclehan stresses that patients experiencing floaters or flashes should seek urgent ophthalmic evaluation.
He advises at-risk individuals to attend regular eye examinations.
Observation and Regular Follow-up
Most cases do not require treatment, but monitoring for retinal tears is essential.
Laser photocoagulation or vitrectomy may be required to prevent retinal detachment and vision loss.
Patients should be instructed to immediately report worsening floaters, flashes or vision changes.
Op. Dr. Diclehan highlights that timely intervention is crucial to prevent permanent blindness.
Early detection greatly improves outcomes.
Posterior vitreous detachment is a common condition, usually related to aging. However, in some cases it may lead to serious complications such as retinal tears or retinal detachment. Early diagnosis, careful monitoring and appropriate treatment are essential to protect vision.
Op. Dr. Diclehan continues to raise awareness on PVD and applies the most up-to-date treatment approaches to protect the eye health of his patients.
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