The eye contains a very delicate network of blood vessels in order to perform the function of vision. The retina is the layer that detects light and transmits visual information to the brain. For the retina to function properly, it must continuously receive oxygen and nutrients through the blood vessels. However, when one of the retinal veins becomes blocked, this blood supply is disrupted and visual function is directly affected.
Retinal vein occlusion occurs when the veins in the retina become blocked due to a blood clot or other causes. Although it is most commonly seen in middle-aged and older individuals, it may also develop in younger people who have certain risk factors.
Retinal vein occlusion is examined in two main groups
In this condition, the main retinal vein becomes blocked and vision is severely affected.
Here, one of the smaller branches of the retinal vein becomes blocked. Vision loss is usually more limited.
Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that central retinal vein occlusion may have much more severe effects on vision.
Hypertension and Atherosclerosis
High blood pressure weakens the vessel walls over time, while atherosclerosis causes loss of elasticity. Both conditions slow blood flow and increase the risk of clotting.
Diabetes negatively affects the entire vascular system, including the vessels in the eye. Patients with diabetic retinopathy are at significantly higher risk.
Increased intraocular pressure compresses the retinal vessels, increasing especially the risk of CRVO.
Op. Dr. Diclehan states that hypertension, diabetes and smoking are among the most common causes and that controlling these factors significantly reduces the risk.
Decreased Vision
The most important symptom is sudden visual loss, which may range from mild blurriness to severe impairment.
Patients may notice shadows, dark areas or distorted vision.
Some experience flashes of light or floating black spots.
Small hemorrhages are often seen on retinal examination a typical finding.
Op. Dr. Diclehan stresses that anyone experiencing these symptoms should seek immediate ophthalmologic evaluation.
Fundus Examination
Retinal hemorrhages, swelling and vascular dilation can be clearly observed.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) provides detailed cross-sectional images of the retina.
Fluorescein angiography shows the exact areas of vascular blockage.
Blood sugar, cholesterol levels and clotting tests help identify underlying causes.
Op. Dr. Diclehan highlights that modern imaging techniques are indispensable for accurate diagnosis.
Anti-VEGF injections administered inside the eye help reduce edema and protect visual function. Corticosteroid injections may also reduce vascular leakage.
Laser treatment prevents the formation of abnormal new blood vessels and helps stop further vision loss.
In selected cases, surgical procedures may be used to reduce intraocular pressure and relieve vascular compression.
Blood-thinning medications and strict control of diabetes and hypertension are essential components of management.
Op. Dr. Diclehan states that treatment must always be individualized according to the patient.
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Affects the main retinal vein and often leads to more severe and permanent vision loss.
Involves only a branch vessel; vision loss is usually less severe and outcomes are better with early treatment.
Op. Dr. Diclehan recommends regular eye examinations, especially for high-risk patients.
Op. Dr. Diclehan notes that advances in technology continue to improve treatment outcomes.
Vision loss can affect daily activities such as reading, driving and working. It may also lead to psychological stress and reduced social participation.
Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that emotional support is also an important part of treatment.
Retinal vein occlusion is one of the leading causes of vision loss. However, with early diagnosis, personalized treatment and healthy lifestyle habits, visual function can be preserved in most patients. Regular ophthalmologic follow-up is key.
Op. Dr. Diclehan consistently emphasizes the critical importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment in protecting eye health.
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