The eye is one of the most delicate organs of the body and is constantly exposed to the external environment. When it comes into contact with dust, dirt, germs, allergens, viruses, or fungi, various infections may easily develop. This condition is commonly known as an eye infection.

Eye infections can affect many parts of the eye, including the eyelids, cornea, tear ducts, and the conjunctiva (the transparent membrane covering the white part of the eye). The severity of the condition depends on the type of infection, the strength of the microorganism, and the individual's immune system.

Ophthalmology specialist Op. Dr. Diclehan states, “Eye infections often begin with mild redness, but if early diagnosis is not made, they can progress to the cornea and cause permanent vision loss.”

What Is an Eye Infection?

An eye infection is inflammation caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites affecting the tissues of the eye. This inflammation may involve different layers of the eye.

Sometimes only the conjunctiva is affected, while in more severe cases the infection may spread to the cornea or even inside the eye.

According to Op. Dr. Diclehan, “The eye is able to clean and protect itself, but when immunity weakens or hygiene is neglected, microorganisms can rapidly settle into the eye tissues.”

What Causes Eye Infections?

The causes of eye infections vary, including:

• Bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus)
• Viruses, especially adenoviruses that spread rapidly
• Fungi, more common in humid environments
• Parasites, particularly in contact lens users
• Poor hygiene such as dirty hands, unhygienic towels, old makeup products
• Weakened immune system due to illnesses like flu, diabetes, or fatigue

Op. Dr. Diclehan remarks, “Many patients use lenses or cosmetics without proper cleaning. This is one of the main causes of infection.”

Common Symptoms of Eye Infections

Although symptoms vary depending on the type of infection, many patients experience:

Redness

Blood vessels expand due to inflammation, causing visible redness.

Itching and Burning

Microbes irritate the nerve endings on the eye surface.

Watering and Discharge

In bacterial infections, discharge becomes yellow or green.

Crusting

Eyelashes may stick together, especially in the morning.

Swelling and Eyelid Pain

The eyelids may become swollen and painful.

Light Sensitivity

More common when the cornea is affected.

Blurred Vision

Signals deep tissue involvement.

Foreign Body Sensation

A feeling like sand or dust in the eye.

Eye Pain

Pain increases as the infection progresses.

Op. Dr. Diclehan warns, “If vision becomes blurry, the deeper layers of the eye may already be affected.”

Symptoms by Infection Type

Bacterial Infections

• Thick yellow-green discharge
• Eyelash sticking
• Pain and redness
• Blurred vision

Viral Infections

• Watery discharge
• Itching
• Often affects both eyes
• May accompany flu symptoms

Fungal Infections

• Persistent slow-growing inflammation
• White corneal spots
• Light sensitivity

Parasitic (Acanthamoeba)

• Severe pain
• Often lens-related

How Do Eye Infections Spread?

• Touching the eyes with dirty hands
• Sharing towels or makeup
• Contaminated lens solutions
• Swimming pools or sea water
• Respiratory infections

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is made through:

• Slit-lamp examination
• Culture testing
• Fluorescein staining
• Vision testing

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause:

• Antibiotic drops for bacterial infections
• Antiviral medication for viral infections
• Antifungal therapy for fungal infections
• Antiparasitic treatment when necessary

Patients are advised to stop wearing lenses and avoid makeup during treatment.

Op. Dr. Diclehan stresses, “Using eye drops without identifying the cause may worsen the infection.”

What To Do If Symptoms Appear?

• Avoid touching the eyes
• Stop using contact lenses
• Do not use makeup
• Gently clean discharge
• See an eye specialist as soon as possible

Possible Complications

If untreated, infections can lead to:

• Corneal ulcers
• Permanent scarring
• Vision loss
• Intraocular infection

Modern Treatment Approaches in 2025

Today’s technologies include:

• Nanotechnology-based antimicrobial drops
• Rapid microorganism identification
• UV sterilization systems
• AI-assisted diagnosis

Prevention Tips

• Wash hands frequently
• Clean makeup daily
• Disinfect lenses regularly
• Avoid sharing personal items
• Wear goggles when swimming

Op. Dr. Diclehan concludes:
“Most eye infections can be prevented with simple hygiene measures. The eye needs cleanliness.”

Eye infections can be treated easily when diagnosed early; however, if neglected, they may cause permanent vision damage. Symptoms such as redness, watering, discharge, and irritation should always be taken seriously.

Specialist Op. Dr. Diclehan achieves high success rates in diagnosing and treating eye infections using advanced diagnostic systems and personalized treatment plans.