Eye flu, medically known as conjunctivitis, is a common eye condition that occurs when the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids becomes inflamed. It presents with symptoms such as redness, tearing, burning, stinging, discharge, and itching. This condition may result from infections, allergies, environmental factors, or mechanical irritation. Eye flu can affect people of all ages, from children to adults, and its contagious forms can spread rapidly in the community. For this reason, understanding what causes conjunctivitis is essential for both prevention and proper treatment.

Op. Dr. Diclehan, an experienced ophthalmologist, emphasizes that conjunctivitis should never be considered a simple redness and that infectious types must be evaluated without delay.

Infections as a Cause of Eye Flu

The most common cause of conjunctivitis is infection, usually caused by viruses or bacteria, and many forms are contagious.

Viral Conjunctivitis

This is the most common type. It often occurs together with colds, flu, or upper respiratory infections. The most frequent cause is adenovirus. Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious and spreads easily through hand-to-eye contact, shared items, and respiratory droplets.

Common symptoms include

• Severe redness
• Excessive tearing
• Burning sensation
• Sensitivity to light
• Gritty feeling in the eye

It usually starts in one eye and spreads to the other within a few days. Although it often resolves on its own, strict hygiene is essential to prevent transmission. Op. Dr. Diclehan advises patients to avoid rubbing their eyes and to limit close contact with others during infection.

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

This form is caused by bacteria and is typically characterized by thick yellow or green discharge. The eyelids often stick together in the morning. It is more common in children but can also affect adults. Treatment requires antibiotic eye drops.

Op. Dr. Diclehan stresses that early treatment is crucial because untreated bacterial infections may cause permanent damage to the eye surface.

What Causes Allergic Conjunctivitis?

Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when the immune system reacts excessively to substances such as pollen, dust mites, animal dander, mold, cosmetics, or perfumes. Symptoms increase especially in spring and summer.

Typical symptoms include

• Severe itching
• Tearing
• Redness in both eyes
• Dark circles under the eyes
• Runny nose or sneezing

Allergic conjunctivitis is not contagious, but it can be chronic and seasonal. Op. Dr. Diclehan recommends that people with allergic eyes avoid triggers and undergo regular eye examinations.

Can Dry Eyes Cause Eye Flu?

Yes. When the eye surface is not properly lubricated, the conjunctiva becomes irritated and inflamed. This irritation may cause redness and tearing similar to conjunctivitis.

Dry eye is more common in:

• Prolonged screen use
• Air-conditioned environments
• Contact lens wearers
• Low fluid intake
• Smokers

Artificial tears and medical treatment can relieve these symptoms.

Can Contact Lenses Cause Eye Flu?

Contact lenses are an important risk factor, especially when:

• Sleeping with lenses
• Poor hygiene
• Using improper solutions
• Wearing expired lenses

These conditions damage the eye surface and increase the risk of infection. Any redness or discharge in contact lens users should be examined by an ophthalmologist. Op. Dr. Diclehan recommends regular eye checkups and proper lens care.

Environmental Factors That Cause Eye Flu

Not all conjunctivitis is infectious. Environmental and mechanical factors also play a role, including:

• Cigarette smoke
• Dust
• Chlorinated pool water
• Wind and sun
• Chemical exposure
• Air pollution

These irritants can inflame the eye surface and cause redness and discomfort.

Weak Immune System and Eye Flu

People with weakened immune systems are more prone to conjunctivitis and may experience more severe infections. This includes:

• People with chronic illnesses
• Those on long-term medications
• Children
• The elderly

Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that early treatment and medical supervision are especially important in these groups.

When Is Eye Flu More Dangerous?

Seek urgent medical care if there is:

• Severe eye pain
• Vision loss
• Heavy discharge and swelling
• Rapid worsening in children
• Chemical exposure

These may indicate serious eye conditions.

How Can Eye Flu Be Prevented?

Simple preventive measures include:

• Washing hands frequently
• Avoiding touching the eyes
• Not sharing towels or makeup
• Maintaining contact lens hygiene
• Being cautious in crowded places
• Avoiding allergens

Op. Dr. Diclehan stresses the importance of hygiene, especially during contagious periods.

Eye flu can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergens, environmental irritants, and mechanical factors. Some forms are contagious and can affect both the patient and others if not treated. Any redness, itching, discharge, or tearing should not be ignored.

Op. Dr. Diclehan highlights that accurate diagnosis and proper treatment are the foundation of successful recovery. Your eyes are one of your most valuable senses and deserve regular care and protection.