Flashes of light in the eyes are a visual perception problem that many people experience suddenly and unexpectedly, and they can sometimes be worrying. These flashes  which are often noticed in dark environments, when the eyes are closed, or during sudden eye movements may result from stimulation of the optic nerves, the retina, or the vitreous gel inside the eye. Although this condition is often harmless, in some cases it may be a sign of serious retinal diseases. In his detailed evaluations on eye health, Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that flashes of light in the eye should never be ignored, especially when they occur suddenly or repeatedly, as they require specialist assessment.

How Are Light Flashes Perceived?

Flashes of light are usually perceived at the side of the visual field as brief sparks, lightning-like flickers, or camera flashes. They are more noticeable in dark environments or when the eyes are closed. Some patients describe this sensation as “like lightning striking inside my eye.” According to Op. Dr. Diclehan, although the sensation varies from person to person, it is mostly related to the stimulation of nerve endings.

They may be felt as:

• Short flashes
• Light streaks appearing when the eyes move
• Tiny spark-like flashes when blinking
• Flash-like bright signals

The Most Common Causes of Light Flashes in the Eye

There are many possible causes. Some are harmless, while others may require urgent treatment.

Vitreous Degeneration

The vitreous gel inside the eye becomes more liquid with age. As this happens, it may tug on the retina, stimulating retinal nerves and causing flashes of light. According to Op. Dr. Diclehan, this is more common in people over the age of 40.

Retinal Traction

If the vitreous continues to pull on the retina, the flashes may increase. Severe traction may lead to retinal tears. Frequent flashes are one of the most important symptoms of retinal traction.

Retinal Tear

Even a small tear in the retina may cause flashes of light. If left untreated, it may progress to retinal detachment, a serious condition. For this reason, newly appearing or increasing flashes  especially when accompanied by floaters  require urgent eye examination. Op. Dr. Diclehan stresses that suspected retinal tears should be evaluated immediately.

Migraine Aura

Some people notice flashes, zigzag lines, or bright spots before a migraine attack. This is called a migraine aura and usually appears 10–30 minutes before the headache. Although this cause is neurological rather than eye-related, eye examination should still not be neglected.

Trauma

A blow to the eye may stimulate the retina and vitreous, leading to flashes. These may be temporary or persistent. According to Op. Dr. Diclehan, flashes following trauma should always be checked.

High Myopia

Because the retina is thinner and more vulnerable in myopic eyes, flashes are more common in people with high myopia. The risk of retinal tears is also higher. Those with −3 diopters or more should seek immediate evaluation if flashes begin.

Symptoms That May Accompany Light Flashes

Light flashes alone may not be serious, but urgent assessment is required when they are accompanied by

• Floaters (dark spots, thread-like shapes, or flying specks)
• Sudden blurry vision
• A dark curtain or shadow in part of the visual field
• Sudden increase in flash frequency

These may indicate retinal detachment or other serious eye conditions.

Triggers That May Increase Flashes

• Stress
• Lack of sleep
• Prolonged screen use
• Excessive caffeine intake

These may increase nerve sensitivity or vitreous movement.

How Are Light Flashes Diagnosed?

A detailed eye examination is required to determine the cause. The retina and vitreous are evaluated using specialized equipment. Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes the importance of dilated retinal examination.

Diagnostic tools may include

• Fundus examination
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT)
• Retinal scans
• Ultrasound
• Visual field tests

These methods help identify retinal tears, detachment, and vitreous changes.

Treatment of Light Flashes

Treatment depends on the underlying cause.

• Posterior vitreous detachment → often monitored with follow-up
• Retinal tear → treated urgently with laser to prevent detachment
• Retinal detachment → requires emergency surgery
• Migraine-related flashes → controlled through migraine treatment
• Trauma-related flashes → require retinal evaluation and treatment if needed

Early treatment prevents permanent vision loss, especially in retinal tears and detachment.

Preventive Measures

According to Op. Dr. Diclehan:

• Have regular eye examinations, especially if you are highly myopic
• Protect the eyes from trauma
• Take breaks during computer use
• Maintain a healthy diet rich in omega-3 and antioxidants
• Manage stress effectively

Flashes of light in the eyes may result from many conditions involving the retina and vitreous. While some causes are harmless, others — such as retinal tears  may lead to serious complications if untreated. Therefore, sudden, frequent, or worsening flashes, especially when accompanied by floaters, should always be evaluated by an eye specialist. Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that early diagnosis is vital for protecting eye health and preventing permanent damage.