Macular degeneration, medically known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), occurs as the macula the central part of the retina responsible for sharp vision gradually deteriorates over time. It is one of the most common causes of vision loss, especially in older adults.
The macula is the most important part of the eye for clear central vision. When this area is damaged, the person may see the center of objects as blurred, distorted, or dark.
Although macular degeneration cannot always be completely cured, early diagnosis and the right precautions can slow down and sometimes even stop its progression.
Experienced eye specialist Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes the importance of early prevention, stating:
Macular degeneration is not destiny; with healthy lifestyle habits, it is possible to reduce the impact of this disease.
Macular degeneration develops as the nerve cells in the macula located in the center of the retina become damaged. This region allows us to read, write, recognize colors, and see fine details.
It usually occurs in people over the age of 50, but individuals with genetic predisposition may develop it earlier.
Op. Dr. Diclehan notes that the highest-risk group includes people of advanced age, smokers, those with poor dietary habits, and individuals with a family history of the disease.
In the early stages, the disease often shows no symptoms. However, over time, the following complaints may appear
When these symptoms occur, an eye specialist should be consulted without delay. Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that early diagnosis is the most effective step in preventing vision loss.
Lifestyle and dietary changes play a major role in slowing or preventing the progression of the disease. Here are scientifically supported precautions recommended by specialists
Smoking is the strongest environmental risk factor for macular degeneration.
Nicotine and carbon monoxide narrow the retinal blood vessels, reducing oxygen supply to the macula and accelerating cell death.
Studies show that smokers have a 3–5 times higher risk of the disease.
Op. Dr. Diclehan notes that quitting smoking improves cellular recovery and slows disease progression.
One of the most effective ways to protect eye health is proper nutrition.
Antioxidants protect cells from free radical damage.
Recommended foods for macular degeneration include
Op. Dr. Diclehan highlights that these foods act like a protective shield for the eye, and leafy greens should be consumed regularly.
UV rays from the sun can damage the retina and cause oxidative stress in macular cells.
Prolonged sun exposure increases the risk of macular degeneration — therefore UV-protected sunglasses are essential.
According to Op. Dr. Diclehan, sunglasses are not just accessories but protective medical tools for eye health.
Because the disease progresses slowly, vision loss may go unnoticed for a long time.
Regular examinations are therefore critical.
Op. Dr. Diclehan recommends annual check-ups after age 40, and every six months for high-risk individuals.
Tests such as OCT and Amsler Grid can detect early-stage disease.
High blood pressure and cholesterol cause circulation problems in the eye, reducing blood flow to the macula and accelerating degeneration.
Op. Dr. Diclehan states that cardiovascular health and eye health are closely connected.
Exercise improves circulation and oxygen delivery to the eye tissues. It also reduces obesity and diabetes risk — both harmful to the eye.
Walking, swimming, and yoga are recommended.
Stress increases free radicals and disrupts blood flow, slowing cellular repair.
Meditation, deep breathing, and time in nature are beneficial.
Regular, quality sleep also supports eye health.
Long-term screen use strains the eyes. Blue light may contribute to retinal stress.
Blue-light filters and the 20-20-20 rule (every 20 minutes, look 20 feet away for 20 seconds) are recommended.
Omega-3 strengthens retinal cells and reduces inflammation.
Vitamins A, C, E and zinc also support tissue repair.
However, Op. Dr. Diclehan stresses that supplements should only be taken under medical supervision — natural nutrition should come first.
About 2 liters of daily water intake supports cellular balance and eye tissue health.
Lack of sleep slows cell repair. Adults should ideally sleep 7–8 hours nightly.
Recommended tests include
Op. Dr. Diclehan advises annual screening after age 50.
According to Op. Dr. Diclehan, customized protection plans are highly effective.
Macular degeneration is chronic and may affect mental health. Depression, anxiety, and confidence issues may appear — therefore emotional support and social engagement are important.
Op. Dr. Diclehan remarks
“Healthy eyes are protected not only through medical treatment, but also through emotional strength and a balanced lifestyle.”
Although macular degeneration cannot always be prevented, lifestyle changes can significantly slow its progression and preserve vision.
Quitting smoking, healthy nutrition, regular exercise, eye examinations, stress control, UV protection, and a vitamin-rich diet are key preventive strategies.
Op. Dr. Diclehan concludes
“Every patient’s eye health is unique. What matters is maintaining awareness, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and attending regular check-ups.”
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