Red eye is a condition that usually occurs due to the dilation or inflammation of the blood vessels in the eye. It is often accompanied by redness in the sclera, watering, a stinging sensation, and sometimes pain. Commonly referred to as “bloodshot eyes,” this condition can be a sign of many different underlying issues. Red eye can result from something as simple as an allergic reaction to more serious causes such as a severe infection or increased intraocular pressure.
As an important warning sign for eye health, red eye is not a symptom that should be ignored. Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that the underlying cause of this condition should always be evaluated by an eye diseases specialist.
Red eye is one of the most common eye complaints in the general population. It is especially frequent during allergy seasons, periods when viral infections are widespread, or due to prolonged screen time. Additionally, contact lens users may develop red eye due to poor hygiene practices.
Conjunctivitis (Eye Inflammation)
The most common cause of red eye is conjunctivitis, which is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, the membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. There are three main types:
Although each type presents with different symptoms, common signs include redness, discharge, itching, and stinging sensations.
Allergic Reactions
Exposure to allergens such as pollen, dust, or pet dander can cause redness and itching in the eyes. Allergic red eye often affects both eyes and is usually accompanied by other allergy symptoms like runny nose and sneezing.
Dry Eye
When tear production decreases or the composition of tears is disrupted, irritation occurs on the eye’s surface, leading to red eye. This is particularly common in individuals who spend long hours in front of screens or are exposed to air conditioning.
Eye Injuries
Foreign objects, trauma, or exposure to chemicals can lead to red eye. In these cases, symptoms such as pain, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light may also appear.
Glaucoma (Eye Pressure)
While open-angle glaucoma typically progresses silently, sudden angle-closure glaucoma requires urgent intervention. This condition is characterized by severe redness, pain, and blurred vision.
Uveitis
Uveitis, the inflammation of the uvea (the middle layer of the eye), is another cause of severe red eye. It is often associated with autoimmune diseases and requires intensive treatment.
Contact Lens Use
Improper lens use, poor hygiene, or wearing lenses for extended periods can irritate the eyes. This increases the risk of infection and causes red eye.
Systemic Diseases
Certain systemic diseases can also present with red eye symptoms. Conditions such as diabetes, lupus, and Behçet's disease can directly affect eye health. Complications like diabetic retinopathy may damage eye blood vessels, resulting in bleeding and redness.
These symptoms may vary depending on the underlying cause. If pain, vision loss, or sensitivity to light is present, it is crucial to consult a specialist. Op. Dr. Diclehan states that painful red eye requires urgent evaluation.
Detailed Eye Examination
An eye doctor examines the eye’s surface and internal structures in detail using a biomicroscope. The conjunctiva, cornea, iris, and retina are evaluated.
Tear Tests
If dry eye is suspected, tests such as the Schirmer test or tear quality assessments may be performed.
Intraocular Pressure Measurement
If glaucoma is suspected, intraocular pressure is measured. A sudden rise in eye pressure could be the cause of red eye.
Imaging for Internal Eye Structures
OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) and fundus photography are used to diagnose retinal diseases. These tests are particularly critical for conditions such as diabetic retinopathy.
Medication Therapy
Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that identifying the exact cause is the most important step in treating red eye. Treatment varies based on the diagnosis:
Pausing Contact Lens Use
For patients using contact lenses, lenses should not be worn during treatment if there is an infection or irritation.
Cold Compress
In allergic or viral cases, applying a cold compress can help relieve symptoms.
Surgical Intervention
If red eye is related to internal bleeding, a glaucoma attack, or severe retinal problems, surgical treatment may be required. For example, in cases of eye bleeding due to diabetic retinopathy, vitrectomy surgery may be performed.
Op. Dr. Diclehan recommends that individuals with systemic diseases, such as diabetes, have annual retinal examinations. This allows early detection of serious complications such as diabetic retinopathy.
Diabetes is a systemic disease that directly affects the eye’s vascular system. Diabetic retinopathy, characterized by damage, bleeding, and fluid accumulation in the retina, can lead to eye hemorrhages and red eye over time.
Additionally, diabetes increases the risk of dry eye. When the tear glands do not function adequately, the eye surface becomes irritated, resulting in red eye. Therefore, individuals with diabetes need to pay extra attention to their eye health.
Eye diseases often progress silently, and symptoms may only appear when the condition has advanced. A seemingly simple symptom like red eye may actually indicate a serious underlying disease.
With early diagnosis and treatment, vision loss can be prevented, and the progression of many diseases can be halted. The experience of eye doctors and accurate diagnostic methods play a critical role in this process. Op. Dr. Diclehan stresses that a thorough examination is essential when dealing with red eye.
Red eye can be a sign of anything from mild irritation to a serious eye disease. Although it may sometimes resolve on its own, persistent, painful, or vision-impairing red eye requires medical attention.
Op. Dr. Diclehan emphasizes that red eye is not just a cosmetic issue but an important indicator of eye health, and that early diagnosis can prevent many serious eye conditions.
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